(1)try to do sth. 试图做某事;尽量做某事
We should try to learn English well.
我们应当尽量学好英语。
The boy is trying to work out the math problem in another way.
那个男孩正试图用另一种方法解出那道数学题。
(2)make当“使;让;叫”讲时,后接不带to的不定式;当“制造”讲时没有这种用法。
如:He made me wait there for two hours. 他让我在那里等了两个小时。
拓展
①make+n. /prop. +n. 使……成为……
I want to make you my wife. 我想让你成为我的妻子。
②make+n. +adj. 使……处于某种状态
Don’t make our classroom dirty. 不要把我们的教室弄脏。
③make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
I made a lot of friends in school. 我在学校交了许多朋友。
(3)look like意为“看起来像……”,其中的like是介词“像……”。如:
The girl looks like her mother. 那女孩看上去像她母亲。
辨析:like与as
like和as都有“像……”的意思,但用法有所不同,like后通常跟名词或代词;as后通常跟一个句子。如:
We should do as Comrade Lei Feng did.
我们应当像雷锋同志做的那样去做。
He likes animals like monkeys, elephants and pandas and so on.
他喜欢像猴子、大象、熊猫等的动物。(第一个like 是动词,意为“喜欢”;第二个like 是介词,意为“如/像……”。)
3.Japanese companies have already made robots walk and dance.
日本的公司制造的机器人已会行走、跳舞了。
句中have made是现在完成时的结构形式。
现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作。
与现在完成时连用的状语常见的有:already, yet, for和since引起的时间。
现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式为:have (has)+动词的过去分词。
动词过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化之分。规则变化的过去分词与动词的过去式相同,即在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词需要大家平时多积累,用心记忆。如:
They have already finished their homework. 他们已经完成了作业。
I have traveled many cities in China. 我已在中国旅游了许多城市。
He hasn’t heard from his friend yet. 他还没有收到他朋友的来信。
4.People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored.
人们会不喜欢做这种工作并且会变得厌烦。
(1)would 表示推测,意为“就会……”。
He would be shocked to hear the truth.
如果听到真相,他会震惊的。
(2)get bored 变得厌烦(get 是系动词,后接形容词作表语。)
get angry 变得生气 get warm 变得暖和
注意:bored 表示主语的状态,意为“感到厌烦”;boring 表示主语“令人厌烦”。
The TV play was boring. 电视剧很无聊。
The boring job made me get bored. 无聊的工作使我感到很厌烦。
5.He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.
他认为机器人像人一样做同样的事情是困难的。
it在该句中是形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式短语to do the same things。
英语中,当动词不定式作主语时,常常用it作为形式主语放在谓语之前,而真正主语动词不定式则放在句末,汉语翻译时应放在前面。如:
It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语是不容易的。
It will be interesting to do such things. 做这样的事情将很有趣味。
It is important to practice speaking well. 练好说很重要。
6.They think that robots will be able to talk to people in 25 to 50 years.
他们相信在25至50年以后机器人将能够和人对话。
(1)talk v. 谈话,对话
①talk to… 跟……谈话(对话)
I want to talk to you about a very important matter.
我想和你谈一件非常重要的事情。
②talk of… 谈到;谈起
We often talk of you. 我们常常谈到你。
③talk about… 谈论某人或某事
What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
④talk with… 同……交谈
He is talking with a friend. 他在和一个朋友谈话。
⑤have a talk 听报告
We had a talk yesterday. 我们昨天听了一个报告。
(2)be able to意为“能;会”,等于can。
can只有现在时态和过去时态(could)两种形式;be able to可以有各种时态形式。如:
He was able to ride a motor bike last year.
去年他就会骑摩托车。
You’ll be able to travel abroad if you can speak English.
如果你会说英语,你就能够到国外去旅游。
He could play the drum when he was very young.
他很小就能打鼓。
Reading of Unit 2 Maybe you should learn to relax!
1.Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons.
然后她得带她女儿去上钢琴课。
have to… 必须;不得不;得(其后跟动词原形)
has to是其第三人称单数形式。
They have to study hard. 他们必须努力学习。
辨析:have to 和must
(1)have to 和must 都表示必须。have to 强调客观需要,所以又有“不得不”的意思。must表示说话人的主观的看法。have to 随人称、时态的变化而变化,而must则没有时态、人称的变化。
I must study hard.
我必须努力学习。(表示本人自己决心努力学习,而不是被迫的)
He has to study hard to pass the exam.
为了通过考试,他得努力学习。(客观上为了考试及格)
(2)否定形式mustn't 和don't have to意思是不一样的,不能互换。mustn't 表示禁止、不许;don't have to 表示不必,相当于needn't。例如:
You mustn't tell your mother. 不许你告诉你妈妈。
You don't have to tell your mother. 你不必告诉你妈妈。
(3)对must的一般疑问句进行否定回答时,用don't have to. 而不用mustn't.
—Must I hand in the book now?
—No, you don't have to. (或No, you needn't.)
2.The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm.
疲劳的孩子们下午7点钟才到家。
not…until 直到……才……
He doesn’t go to bed until 11:00 every night.
每天夜里他11点才睡觉。
I won’t believe until I see it with my own eyes.
直到我亲眼看见我才相信。
注意:until可以作介词,也可以作连词,用来引导时间状语或时间状语从句,即其后既可以是表示时间的名词,也可以是一个句子。
I didn’t know it until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道这件事。
He didn’t go home until he finished his work.
他直到完成工作才回家。
pm“下午”,是拉丁语post meridiem的缩写形式,也可写作p.m.或PM, P.M.。“上午”是am或a.m., AM, A.M.。
3.The Taylors are like many American and British parents.
泰勒夫妇像许多美国和英国的父母一样。
The Taylors 泰勒夫妇,泰勒一家人
姓的复数前加定冠词the,表示“××一家人或夫妇二人”。作主语的时候谓语动词用复数形式。
The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃饭。
What are the Whites doing? 怀特夫妇在干什么?
4.Doctors say many children are under too much pressure. Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.
医生说许多儿童有太多的压力。老师抱怨在教室教精疲力竭的孩子们。
doctors, teachers, kids 这里名词的复数形式表示某类人或事,而不表示数量。
Animals are our good friends. 动物是我们的好朋友。
I like reading books. 我喜欢看书。
5.Most children take part in after-school clubs. Activities include sports, language learning, music, and math classes.
大多数孩子参加课外活动俱乐部。活动包括体育运动、语言学习、音乐和数学班。
most adj. 大多数。其前不用冠词the。
He has visited most countries in Europe.
他访问过欧洲大多数国家。
注意:
①most是many, much的最高级形式,意思是“最多;最大”。如:
Who has the most energy? 谁最有力量?
②most用于多音节形容词之前构成最高级。如:
most important 最重要的
most interesting 最有趣
6.Parents see other children doing a lot of things, and they feel their own children should do the same.
父母看见其他的儿童在做许多事情,他们感到他们自己的孩子也应做同样的事情。
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事
I saw the students playing basketball on the playground.
我看到那些学生正在操场上打篮球。
注意:see sb. doing强调看见某人正在做某事;see sb. do表示“看见某人做了某事”,强调做完了或做过。类似的动词还有hear. 如:
I saw a man run into the house. 我看见一个人跑进宅子里去了。
I saw the man running on the street. 我看见那人正在街上跑步。
7.Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.“In some families, competition starts from a very young age,”she says.
米勒,伦敦的一个3个孩子的母亲,她深知这样的压力。“我知道在一些地方孩子从非常小的年龄就开始竞争了。”她说。
know about… 了解;知道……的情况
I happened to know about him. 碰巧我了解他的情况。
know from… 分辨;区分
He doesn’t know a lion from a tiger. 他分不清狮子和老虎。
8.She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.
她也说当这些孩子长大后可能发现独立思考是困难的。
find it hard to think for themselves中的it是先行词,在句中作形式宾语,其真正宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:
I find it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。
They found it hard to walk there. 他们发现步行去那里很困难。