1.-Would you mind turning down the music? 你介意把音乐关小一点吗?
-No, not at all. 不,一点儿也不(介意)。
(1)mind 的用法
①vt.介意,在乎,反对(后通常跟名词、动名词或代词)
Do you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?
I don’t mind what he said and did. 我对他的所作所为并不介意。
Would you mind closing the window? 把窗子关上,好吗?
②vt. & vi. 照料,注意
She is minding her baby.她正在照看她的孩子。
Don’t mind me! 不要管我!
③n. 想法,意见,愿望
Jack changed his mind at last. 最后杰克改变了主意。
I told him my mind. 我把我的想法告诉了他。
Speak your mind freely. 敞开心扉说心里话。(畅所欲言)
注意:
mind的考点在于其作为动词时后面的宾语一定用动名词形式。
(2)turn down(将音量)关低,关小
turn是一个多义词,除有“变化;转向”及名词“顺序;次序”等意义外,本课中的意义为“切断;接通”。
turn on 接通,拧开(电源、自来水、电灯、煤气等)
turn off 截断,关上(电源、自来水、电灯、煤气等)
Jim turned on the radio and listened to the music.
吉姆打开收音机听音乐。
The girl turned off the light when she left.
这个女孩在离开的时候把灯关了。
The TV is too noisy, please turn it down.
电视太吵了,请把音量关小一些。
(3)not at all意为“一点儿也不”,用在否定句中,加强语气,表示程度。
I don’t like fish. 我不喜欢鱼。
I don’t like fish at all. 我一点也不(根本不)喜欢鱼。(语气更重)
还可以用于交际口语中作否定回答。
-I’m sorry. 对不起。
-Not at all. 别客气(我一点都不介意)。
-Would you mind putting away your clothes? 把你的衣服收起来,你介意吗?
-Not at all. 一点也不。
(4)Would you mind…? 你介意做……吗?
这是英语中委婉请求的表达方式,语气委婉、客气、礼貌,易于对方接受。
其结构是would you mind+动名词+其他?
注意针对该句型的回答,英汉有别。如果表示“不介意”,常说“No, not at all/please do/go ahead/ certainly not”;表示“介意”,则用“I’m sorry, but I do/I’d rather you didn’t/you’d better not”等。如:
—Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 请教您几个问题好吗?
—No, please do. 不介意,请讲。
又如:
—Would you mind if I took this seat? 我可以坐这个座位吗?
—Sorry, but it’s been taken. 对不起,这个位置有人坐。
在3a中小结了几种请求帮助的句子结构,请注意。
肯定结构:
Would you mind+doing…?
Could you please+do…?
Would you please+do?
Please+do…
否定结构:
Would you mind not doing…?
Could you please not do…?
Would you please not do…?
Please don’t do…
2.Nick, would you mind not wearing those old jeans?
尼克,不要穿那条旧牛仔裤好吗?
(1)wear穿(戴)着
辨析:put on, wear与dress
①put on穿(戴)上,强调动作过程,put为不及物动词,后跟宾语时需加介词on。
Tom put on his hat and went out.
汤姆戴上帽子出去了。
You’d better not put on your coat. It’s warm in the room.
你最好不要穿你的外套,房间里很暖和。
②wear穿(戴)着,表示结果或状态。
The girl often wears a red skirt.
那个女孩经常穿一条红裙子。
Nick is wearing his old jeans.
尼克穿着他的旧牛仔裤。
The woman wearing glasses is our English teacher.
那个戴眼镜的妇女是我们的英语老师。
③dress n.(连衣)裙;v.穿(衣服);打扮,化妆。当dress用作动词时,后面不能跟衣、帽等作宾语。如:
My brother is too young to dress.
我弟弟太小,还不会穿衣服。
Lucy will go to a party. She is dressing.
露茜要去参加一个聚会,她正在打扮。
Kate’s mother bought her a new dress.
凯特的妈妈为她买了一件新连衣裙。
dress用作及物动词不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词,而是接表示人的名词或代词,意思是“给……穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时,则用反身代词,如:
Wake up children and dress them.
唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。
She isn't old enough to dress herself.
她太小,不会自己穿衣服。
Dress yourself quickly.
你快点穿衣服。
(2)jeans意为“牛仔裤”,只有复数形式,再如trousers(裤子),还可以说a pair of jeans /trousers一条牛仔裤 /裤子。类似的表达还有:
a pair of chopsticks(一双筷子),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)等。
正因为jeans为复数形式,前面的指示代词用those而非that。
3.I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起,我马上做。
OK. I’ll do them in a minute. 好的。我这就做。
(1)right away意为“马上,立即”,意义相近的短语有:at once, right off, right now等。
The boy ran into the room right away.
那个男孩立即跑进了房间。
We will clean and tidy our classroom right now.
我们这就打扫整理我们的教室。
(2)in a minute意为“一会儿”。类似的表达还有:soon, in a few minutes, in a few seconds等,多用于将来时,表示即将去做某事。
Hold on for a moment. 稍等片刻。
I will clean the room in a minute.
我马上就去打扫房间。
4.I’m going shopping. 我要去购物。
该句是一个将来时句子,“be+ doing”可用来表示将要发生的动作。
-Jim, where are you? Supper is ready. 吉姆,你在哪里?晚饭准备好了。
-I’m coming. 我这就来。
We are going to the Children’s Palace. 我们要去少年宫。
I’m leaving for my hometown next week. 下周我要动身回老家。
“go+ v. –ing”是一种固定表达方式,一般表示娱乐、消遣的动作。
go swimming 去游泳 go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船 go hiking 去远足
go skating 去滑冰 go hunting 去打猎
5.Do I have to wash the dishes? 我得洗这些盘子吗?
have to意为“不得不”,其意义及用法相当于情态动词must,两者都是在后面加动词原形。must没有人称和数的变化,have to则要随主语的人称和数进行变化,第三人称单数用has to,过去时用had to。have to表示客观条件限制,不一定是主观愿望,意为“不得不”。
It’s raining hard outside. We have to stay at home.
外面正下大雨,我们只好待在家里。
I have no enough money. I have to buy the cheap one.
我的钱不够,不得不买那个便宜的。
注意:I have to do sth.句式的疑问句式为Do you have to do sth.? 其否定式为I don’t have to do sth.。
比较:must表示义务,必须;也可表示推测,意为“肯定,准是”。
You must finish your homework today. 你今天必须完成你的作业。
The book must be Jack’s. 这本书一定是杰克的。
The door is open. Lucy must be at home. 门开着,露茜肯定在家。
6.The pen you bought didn’t work. 你买的钢笔坏了。
(1)you bought是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词pen,意为“你买的钢笔”。
The book (Tom lent me) is very interesting.
汤姆借给我的那本书非常有趣。
The paper flowers (the girl made) are beautiful.
那个女孩扎的纸花很漂亮。
I can’t find the pen (my father bought me).
我找不到爸爸给我买的那枝钢笔了。
(2)sth. doesn’t /didn’t work某物出故障了(坏了)
原句可以改写为There is something wrong with the pen you bought.
如:Tom的自行车坏了。可译为:
Tom’s bike is broken.
Tom’s bike doesn’t work.
There is something wrong with Tom’s bike.
注意:
该句型的考点在于同义的转换。需弄清不同表达方式,并能熟练应用。
7.I don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.
当售货员长时间在电话聊天的时候,我不愿意排队等候。
比较:like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
表示对某一事物或活动的兴趣,是一般的爱好。like后跟动名词。
The children like swimming. 那些孩子喜欢游泳。
当对具体某一活动表示兴趣时,通常用like to do。
Do you like to go shopping? 你想去购物吗?
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;潜心于……,对……痴迷,自得其乐(指非常喜欢)
The old man enjoys playing Chinese chess.
那位老人喜欢下中国象棋。
Xiaoqiang enjoys playing computer games.
小强痴迷于玩电脑游戏。
8.I get annoyed when someone talks to me while I’m reading.
当我正在读书的时候,有人同我搭话聊天我会很恼火。
(1)get为系动词,意为“变得,变成”,意同become,表示主语的性质、状态等发生变化。
若主语为“某物”,系动词可用get, become或turn。
It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热。
His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
某人作主语,且主系表结构中的表语为形容词时,可用get及become。如果表语为名词,表示人的身份发生变化,多用become。
His father got angry when he heard the news.
他爸爸听到这个消息的时候,生气了。(句中表语为形容词angry,其中get可用become替换)
Li Lei became a doctor last year. 李磊去年当了医生。
(2)annoy vt. 使人恼火
annoyed adj. 恼火的(通常表示人的状态)
annoying adj. 令人恼火的(通常修饰某事)
annoy people 把人惹火
annoying things 令人恼火的事
I get annoyed. 我很恼火。
Please forget that annoying thing. 把那件烦人的事忘了吧。
(3)while 当……时候
辨析:when与while
when与while都有“当……时候”的意义,都可以引导时间状语从句。
①when强常表示某一动作发生的具体时间,后面多跟瞬间动词。
My mother was cooking when I got home.
当我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。
Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
当你离开房间的时候,记着把灯关上。
②while表示动作发生的一段时间,其意义为“在做……期间,在做……的过程中”,所修饰的动作多为延续动词。
Tom’s father was reading a newspaper while he was doing his homework.
汤姆做作业的时候,他爸爸在看报。
I met some of my good friends while I stayed in my hometown.
我待在老家的时候碰到了我的几个好朋友。
9.This happens to me all the time in the school library.
在学校图书馆里这种事情总是发生在我身上。
happen to sb. (事情)发生在某人身上(to为介词)
happen(偶尔)发生
What happened to Jim? =What’s the matter with Jim?
吉姆出什么事了(怎么了)?
That happened to the girl. It’s too unlucky.
那件事发生在那个女孩身上,真是太不幸了。
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事(其中to为动词不定式符号)
I happened to meet my good friend in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上碰巧遇见了我的好朋友。
He came to see me, but I happened to be out.
他来看我,但我恰好外出了。
10.I get annoyed when classmates borrow my eraser and don’t return it.
当同学借了我的橡皮却不还的时候,我会很恼火。
return此句中为“归还”之意,同give back。
Return everything you borrow.
借东西要还。
I will return the book to the library.
=I will give the book back to the library.
我要把这本书还到图书馆去。
return另有“回来;回去”之意,同come back, go back。
Tom returned to his hometown last week.
=Tom went back to his hometown last week.
汤姆上周回了老家。
I will return (come back) before five o’clock this afternoon.
我将在今天下午5点前回来。