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Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?

一周强化

一、一周课程概述

1.学习谈论和比较不同的东西和事情。

2.继续学习用现在完成进行时描述事件。

3.继续学习如何给别人提出建议和意见。

4.重点句型:

(1)What should I get for Lisa?

(2)How about a CD?

(3)No, it’s too cheap.

(4)What’s the best present you have ever received ?

(5)Why don’t you get her a scarf?

(6)That’s too personal./That’s not interesting enough.

二、重难点知识讲解

1.Why don't you get her a scarf? 你为什么不给她买条围巾呢?

(1)Why don’t you do sth.?为什么不做某事呢?

表示商量或给对方的建议,否定式疑问显得更委婉,更容易为对方所接受。通常也可以用Why not do sth.?来表达。如:

I can’t answer it, either. Why don't you ask Mr. Liu?

=I can't answer it, either. Why not ask Mr. Liu?

我也不会回答。为什么不问一下刘老师呢?

Why don' we go shopping together?

=Why not go shopping together?

为什么不一起去购物呢?(意同:Let's go shopping together.)

(2)get在句中意义为“买”(=buy)。

get是一个多义词,请注意以下各句中get的含义。

Where did you get the book?

你从哪里弄到的那本书?(get得到,获得)

Please get your coat clean.

请使你的外套保持整洁。(get使某物保持某种状态)

I got him to call Jim.

我让他给吉姆打电话。(get使某人做某事)

It gets worse and worse.

情况变得越来越糟。(get逐渐变得)

When did you get home last night?

昨天晚上你什么时候到家?(get到达)

We got more than ten English words last class.

上一节我们学会了10多个英文单词。(get=learn学会)

▲get sb. sth. =get sth. for sb.给某人买某物

这是动词后跟双宾语的用法,其中sb.(某人)为间接宾语,sth.(某物)为直接宾语。能跟双宾语的动词还有buy, give, show, pass, choose等等。

Lucy’s mother bought her a new scarf.

= Lucy’s mother bought a new scarf for her.

露茜的妈妈为她买了一条新围巾。

I gave Michael a diary as present.

= I gave a diary to Michael as present.

我送给迈克尔一个日记本作礼物。

Please show/ pass me your new pen.

= Please show/ pass your new pen to me.

请把你的新铅笔给我看一下(递给我)。

2.How about a scarf? 一条围巾怎么样?

How about…? =What about…? ……怎么样?

提出一种可能性,询问对方意见。

I am a student. What about you? 我是个学生。你呢?

注意:无论是How about…? 还是What about…? 因有介词about,后跟名词或代词。若跟动词,则用动名词形式。

It is Sunday tomorrow. What about going swimming?

明天是星期天,去游泳怎么样?

3.No, that's not interesting enough. 不,它不够有趣。

(1)interesting adj. 有趣的

interesting 是由 interest 加-ing派生而来。

辨析interest, interested与interesting。

①interest

v. 使……产生兴趣,引起某人注意

 That story interests us. 那个故事使我们产生了兴趣。

 Can I interest you in this question? 请你注意这个问题好吗?

n. 兴趣,爱好

 Dick takes an interest in that picture.

 迪克对那幅画很感兴趣。

 The children are talking about the question with great interest.

 孩子们正饶有兴趣地讨论那个问题。

②interested adj. 感兴趣的

  interested通常作表语,主语往往是某人。表示“某人对某事感兴趣”用be interested in sth.。

 All of us are interested in English. 我们都对英语感兴趣。

 Kate is interested in drawing pictures. 凯特对画画感兴趣。

注意:由于be interested in含介词in,通常跟名词或代词。若跟动词,则需用动名词。如:Li Jie is interested in playing football.李杰对踢足球感兴趣。

拓展:

在英语中,有许多动词的过去分词形式同时转换为形容词性,表示主语为被动状态。

My bike is broken. 我的自行车坏了。

(broken是break的过去分词,在句中为形容词表状态。)

The man is very known. 那个人很出名。

(known是know的过去分词,句中为形容词表示“为人所知的”。)

③interesting adj. 有趣的(人或事)。

interesting 可以作表语或定语。

What he said is very interesting.

他所说的很有意思。(interesting作表语)

Our teacher often tells us interesting stories.

我们的老师经常给我们讲有趣的故事。(interesting作定语)

拓展:

动词加-ed(形容词)—加-ing(形容词)的用法。

surprise(使人惊奇)—surprised(惊奇的)—surprising(令人惊奇的)

excite(使人激动)—excited(激动的,兴奋的)—exciting(令人激动的)

amaze(使人惊讶)—amazed(惊讶的)—amazing(令人惊讶的)

frighten(使人害怕)—frightened(害怕的)—frightening(使人害怕的,可怕的)

  其中v. +-ed形式的形容词是由动词的过去分词转化而来,表示主语为被动状态,这类动词都是“使人……”,再者这类v. +-ed形式的形容词都是表示带有感情色彩的(如激动的,害怕的……),故而这类形容词作表语时主语应该是某人。v. +-ing形式的形容词一般修饰物或事,可以作表语,表示某物的特征、状态,也可以作定语,置于名词前表示某物的性质。

All of the children are very excited.

所有的孩子都非常兴奋。(作表语,主语为某人)

I told my friends the exciting news.

我把那个令人激动的消息告诉了我的朋友。(作定语)

It is exciting for us to win toe game.

对我们来说赢得那场比赛太令人激动了。(作表语,主语为某事)

The teacher was surprised at Jack’s answer.

老师对杰克的回答很吃惊。

He brought the surprising news.

他带来的是令人吃惊的消息。

(2)enough adj. 足够的;adv. 充分地,足够地

①enough用作形容词,通常作表语或定语。

It is enough for me to stay here for a short time.

对我来说呆一小会儿就足够了。

We have enough time to get ready for the meeting.

我们有足够的时间为会议做准备。

Tom has no enough money to buy the dictionary.

汤姆没有足够的钱买那本词典。

②enough用作副词,修饰形容词或副词。

注意:当enough修饰形容词或副词时,一定要置于被修饰词的后面。

Wang Chao is strong enough to carry the box.

王超足够强壮,他能搬动那个箱子。

Tom didn’t run fast enough to catch up with Jim.

汤姆跑得不够快,他追不上吉姆。

4.I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.

我认为对一个6岁的孩子来说,狗是很好的宠物。

a 6-year-old child 一个6岁的孩子

Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy.

=Li Bo is a boy of 10 years old.

李波是一个10岁的孩子。

注意:观察以上两句年龄作定语的不同,前句为“数词-year-old”三词合一,中间分别用连词符号连接,year用单数形式。后句为介词短语作后置定语,其中“数词+years + old”之间不再有连词符号,year成为复数形式。

用a 6-year-old boy这种表达法完成句子时,若数词为8,11,18,80等,不定冠词需用“an”,原因是这些数词在用英语表达时,第一个音素为元音音素。可能直接观察很容易疏忽,这也恰是检测的重点之一。如:

Lily is an 8-year-old girl. 莉莉是一个8岁的小女孩。

拓展:

I took part in an 800-metre race. 我参加了800米赛跑。

That is a 3-metre-long line. 那是一条3米长的绳子。

=That is a line of 3 metres long.

5.Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗太难照顾了。

take care of= look after 照料,照顾,看管

Lily has to look after her mother. 莉莉得照顾她的妈妈。

You must take care of yourself. 你一定要保重自己。

Mum told me to look after my own things. 妈妈告诉我看管好我自己的东西。

注意:上述例句中的look after和take care of可以互相替换。这是考查句式转换的一个考点。这种sth. is/ are+ adj. +to do通常用It is+ adj. +to do sth.表示。其中it为形式主语,而真正主语则是动词不定式短语to do sth.,如上句可以改为It is too difficult to take care of dogs.

That question is very hard for me to answer.

=It is very hard for me to answer the question.

对我来说,那个问题很难回答。

Those apples are easy to reach.

=It is easy to reach those apples. 那些苹果很容易够到。

注意:用sth. is/ are +adj. +to do句式表达时,动词不定式后务必不能加名词或代词作宾语,因为该句式的主语即是“某物”,从意义上说,“某物”不能把“某物”如何。这是我们在练习时很容易出现的失误。

如:这个箱子很难搬。

[正]The box is hard to carry.

[误]The box is hard to carry it.

6.a pot-bellied pig named Connie  一头叫苛妮的大肚猪

  named是一个动词过去分词,作定语表示被动,“被叫做……的”,可以修饰主语,也可以修饰宾语。

The book written by Qiong Yao is very interesting.

琼瑶写的这本书很有意思。(written作定语,修饰主语)

That man named Li Jian is my uncle.

那个叫李建的男人是我叔叔。(named修饰主语)

I have a brother called Xiao Bo.

我有一个叫小波的弟弟。(called修饰宾语)

Jack lost the book given by me.

杰克把我给他的那本书丢了。(given修饰宾语)

7.Now she's too big to sleep in the house…

现在她太大了,不能睡在这个房子里了……

辨析:too...to...与 enough to...

(1)too...to... 太……而不能……

  当“某人”作主语时,理解为“太……而不能……”;若“某物”作主语时,则变为too…(for sb.)to...“(某物)对某人来说太……而不能……”。

I am too tired to walk on.

我累得走不动了。

John got up too late to catch up with the bus.

约翰起床太晚了,没有赶上车。

That question is too difficult for Jim to answer.

那个问题对吉姆来说太难了而不能回答。

The box is too heavy for me to carry.

这个箱子对我来说太重了而搬不动。

注意:

  ①too...to...本身即为否定意义,表示“不能干某事”,后面的动词不定式不能再加否定词。

  ②当“某物”作主语时,一定要加for sb.,因为后面的“to do”毕竟是人的动作,同时,动词不定式“to do”后面切勿再加宾语。

(2)enough to...意为“足够……,能做……”。此时句子的主语,同样是“某人/物”。

Ben is old enough to go to school.

本够了上学的年龄了。

David is strong enough to lift the big stone.

大卫足够强壮,能举起那块大石头。

That book is interesting enough for them to read.

这本书他们读起来很有趣。

The room isn't big enough for us to live in.

这间房子我们住不够大。

Peter didn’t leave early enough to get there on time.

彼得出发不够早,没有按照赶到那儿。

注意:

  ①此时enough为副词,修饰形容词或副词时,需放在被修饰词的后面。

  ②表示前提“不够……”时,可以用“not+ adj./adv. enough to”表示,此时可将其中的形容词或副词替换为反义词,也可以用too...to句式表达,而句意不变。如上述最后两个例子,可以改写为:

The room is too small for us to live in.

这间房子我们住太小了。

Peter left too late to get there on time.

彼得出发太晚了而未能按时赶到那儿。

拓展:

  ①too…to…与enough to…构成简单句式,只有一个主语。

  ②当“某物”作主语时,to do前加for sb.,to do后不加宾语(这是需要反复强调的重、难点)。

  ③too, enough均为副词,所修饰的形容词或副词一定用原级。

8.It is enough to make her very happy. 这就足以使她(指妈妈)高兴不已。

(1)it指代上文提到的give his mother a leaf这件事,在句中作主语。

Tom was late again. It made his teacher angry.

汤姆又迟到了,这使老师很生气。

It rained heavily yesterday. It stopped us from going out.

昨天下大雨了,这使我们不能外出。

(2)make 使,让

①make sb. +adj. 使某人如何

 What he said made us excited.

 他的一席话使我们兴奋不已。

 Tom's answer made his teacher surprised.

 汤姆的回答使老师惊奇万分。

②make sb. +n. 推举某人当……

 All of us made Liu Peng our monitor.

 我们大家都选刘鹏当班长。

 They made me the group leader.

 他们选我当小组长。

③make sb. +v. 使某人干某事

  此时make为使役动词,当宾语(某人)后面加动词不定式作宾语补足语时,要省略动词不定式符号to。

Jack's father made him go there by himself.

杰克的爸爸逼他自己去那儿。

The boss makes the workers work for twelve hours.

老板强迫工人工作12个小时。

注意:分析以上make的用法,可以将make sb. +adj.替换为make sb. feel+ adj.(使某人感觉如何)。

  What he said made us feel excited. 他说的话令我们很兴奋。

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