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Review of Units 6-10

一周强化

一、重难点知识讲解

1.…are a kind of beautiful gift. ……是一种漂亮的礼物。

kind n. 种类,类型

We sell all kinds of hats.

我们这儿卖各式各样的帽子。

That kind of question is very difficult to answer.

那类问题很难回答。

adj. 亲切的,和蔼的

He is a kind old man.

他是位和蔼的老人。

It’s very kind of you to visit me when I was ill.

我生病时您来看我,真感谢您的好意。

辨析:kind与sort

sort与kind在表示“种类”时同义,不过sort在口语和商业语言中更常用,还可表示轻蔑的意思。

This kind (sort) of question is easy to answer.

这类问题好回答。

How did you get this sort of ideas into your mind?

你怎能把这种想法装进脑袋里呢?

2.They are bigger than books but smaller than newspapers.

它们比书大但比报纸小。

than conj. 比,用于形容词、副词的比较级之后,引出表示对比的第二部分。

I am taller than you. 我比你高。

Lucy runs faster than her sister. 露茜比她妹妹跑得快。

prep.

Lucy is taller than me. 露茜比我高。

I draw better than her. 我比她画得好。

拓展:

no more than 只是

no other than 只有

than before 比以前……

than ever 比到现在为止的任何时候……

3.It’s like an Erhu. 它像二胡。

like prep. 像,如……一样

He looks like his father. 他像他父亲。

What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?

vt. 喜欢,愿意

I like bananas. 我喜欢香蕉。

He likes reading in bed. 他喜欢在床上看书。

辨析:like与as

两者都可以用来表示人与人、东西与东西、动作与动作、状态与状态之间有相似之处,as作介词时往往表示职业、职务、作用,表示的是事实(可译为“作为……”)而like只表示“像”,不是事实。

Let me speak to you as a father. 我作为一个父亲同你说话。

Let me speak to you like a father. 让我像一位父亲一样同你讲话。

4.Jay plays the piano. 杰伊弹钢琴。

play vt. 玩(球,戏等),打(踢球),在表示玩球类、棋类、牌类时,作宾语的名词前不带任何冠词

play football 踢足球     play chess 下象棋

演奏、吹奏、弹奏某种乐器时,play后接的作为宾语的名词前加定冠词the。

play the violin 拉小提琴   play the guitar 弹吉他

5.Would you mind turning down the music?

把音乐音量调小点你介意吗?

turn down 关小,调低

turn down the gas 把煤气关得小点

turn down the radio 把收音机音量调小点

Would /Do you mind+doing sth.? 用来表示一种客气的请求。

Would/Do you mind giving me a glass of water? 请给我杯水,好吗?

Would you mind not smoking? 请别吸烟好吗?

Would /Do you mind+sb. ’s+doing sth.? 用来提出询问、征求对方意见(在非正式文体中,doing前的所有格可换为宾格)

Would you mind my /me smoking here?

我在这儿吸烟你介意吗?

Would you mind my / me closing the window?

我把窗子关上你介意吗?

回答带有mind的问句时,yes或no都是针对mind(介意,在乎)选用的,表示“介意”时用yes,后面跟句子,意思是不让对方做某事。表示“不介意”时,选用no,后边跟句子,意思是允许对方做某事。

—Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?

—Yes, you’d better not. 是的,你最好别抽。

(—No, certainly not. 不介意,你当然可以抽。)

6.I’ll do it right away. 我立刻关小点。

right away 意为“立刻,马上”,只能位于句末。

I’ll write to my father right away. 我马上就给父亲写信。

拓展:

right now, right off, right straight, at once 均为“立刻”。

7.I’m meeting some friends there. 我要去那儿见些朋友。

辨析:meet 与see

(1)meet可以用作及物动词或不及物动词,可以用于以下几种情况:

Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(初次见面一般用meet, 多次见面用see)

I often meet your teacher on my way home.

在回家的路上我经常遇到你的老师。

We’re going to meet outside the school gate.

我们准备在校门外集合。

I’ll like you to meet my family.

我想要你见见我的家人。

The two rivers meet here.

这两条河在这儿汇合。

The Hai River meets the sea at Tianjin.

海河在天津汇入大海。

(2)see几乎不等于meet, 一般用于以下几种情况。

Can you see the picture?

你看见那幅画了吗?

You must go and see the doctor tomorrow.

你明天得去看医生。

The doctor is coming to see him. Don’t worry.

医生就要来给他看病了。别着急。

I think I must see him on my way there.

我想我应该顺道去看望他。

Let me see. 我来想一想。

See you tomorrow. 明天见。

8.What about you? 你呢?

What about…? = How about…? 用于询问对方或第三者与情景有关的情况,或用于提出建议或征求意见,后接名词、代词或动名词。

My parents are both fine. What/ How about yours?

我父母身体很好,你父母好吗?

What about a cup of tea?

来杯茶好吗?

9.How much have you learned? 你学了多少?

how much可以询问不可数名词的数量,可数名词的数量用how many询问。

—I’d like to buy some tea. 我想买些茶叶。

—How much do you want? 你想我多少?

How many girls are there in the room? 屋子里有多少个女孩?

注意:how much可以用于询问价格。

—How much is the coat? 这件外套多少钱?

—Sixty yuan. 60元。

二、语法复习

1.现在完成时

  现在完成时表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态,强调对现在的影响,由“助动词have/has +动词的过去分词”构成。翻译成汉语时通常会用到“已经”等字样。

We have learned five English songs this term.

这学期我们已经学了五首英文歌曲。

I have seen this movie.

我已经看过这部电影。

注意have /has been to; have /has/ gone to ;have / has been in 的区别。

I have been to Beijing three times.

我去过北京三次。(曾经去过某地现在已回来)

-Where is Linda? I haven’t seen her for two days.

-She has gone to London for holiday. She will be back next week.

-琳达哪儿去了?我两天没看见她了。

-她到伦敦度假去了。下周回来。(某人到某地去了,现在不在这里)

We have been in this city for 10 years.

我们在这个城市里生活了10年了。(表示状态)

2.现在完成进行时

  现在完成进行时用来表示某一在过去开始,一直延续到现在,有可能刚刚结束,也有可能还要继续下去的动作。由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词构成”。

We have been learning English for two years.

我们学英语已经两年了。

I have been reading this book these days.

这些天来我一直在读这本书。

3.反意疑问句

  反意疑问句由两个部分组成:陈述句+附加疑问短语。反意疑问句构成规律:前一部分肯定,后一部分否定;前一部分否定,后一部分肯定。除there be句型之外,疑问句的主语必须与陈述部分的主语在人称、数、性方面保持一致。要注意时态。

She can speak very good English, can’t she?

You don’t mind it, do you?

They are so young, aren’t they?

It is a nice day, isn’t it?

Let us go home, will you? (不包括听话者)

Let’s play soccer, shall we? (包括听话者)

5.注意几种时态的区别:

到目前为止,我们已经学习了以下几种时态:

(1)一般现在时:表示经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。

We study hard at school every day.

He goes to school by bike.

(2)一般过去时:表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。

Did you go there last week?

I went to see my uncle yesterday.

(3)一般将来时:表示在将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。

I’ll come to see you next Sunday.

She is babysitting her sister this weekend.

We are going to Wuhan next Monday.

(4)现在进行时:表示在说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Is she listening to music?

He is having a meeting.

(5)过去进行时:表示在过去某个时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

What was she doing when you came in?

They were watching TV when I went into the room.

(6)现在完成时:表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态。

I have learned English for 5 years.

Have you ever been to Singapore?

(7)现在完成进行时:表示某一在过去开始,一直延续到现在,有可能刚刚结束,也有可能要继续下去的动作。

We have been skating for two hours.

She has been learning Chinese since she came to China.

注意各种时态的构成形式和不同功能。

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