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一、知识概述
1.学习和掌握本单元出现的生单词、词组和句型。
2.学习和掌握动词make的用法。
3.能听懂有关心情话题的对话;能正确使用make谈论过去发生的事情。
二、单元重难点解析
1.The general searched for three days and found a happy person.
那位将军搜查了三天,找到了一位快乐的人。
search for意为“搜寻,找寻”,后面的宾语是寻找的目标。
e.g.The police searched for the lost boy yesterday.
警察昨天找寻那个丢失的男孩。
拓展:search还可作及物动词,后接搜寻的地点或物品时,意为“搜查某处或某物”;后面跟人时,指“搜某人的身”。
e.g.He searched his pockets, but found nothing.
他搜了搜口袋,但什么也没找到。
辨析:search for,search,find与look for
(1)search for表示“搜寻;搜查”;后面跟搜寻的东西或人;强调动作。
e.g.The policeman is searching for the thief.
那位警察正在搜寻那个小偷。
(2)search表示“搜寻;搜查”;后面跟搜寻的地点;强调动作。
e.g.The policeman is searching the house.
那位警察正在搜查那所房子。
(3)find表示“找到;发现”;后接找到的人或物;强调结果。
e.g.I can’t find my dog.
我找不到我的狗了。
(4)look for表示“寻找”;后接寻找的人或物;强调动作。
e.g.I'm looking for my book, but I don’t find it.
我正在找我的书,但没找到。
2.How long did it take the general to find the happy man?
e.g.找到那位快乐的人花了将军多长时间?
(1)how long意为“多久;多长时间”;用来询问某个动作所持续的时间,其谓语动词为延续性动词,答语为表示一段时间的名词性短语。
e.g.一How long were you not at school last year?
去年你多久没上学?
一About two weeks.
约两周。
(2)take此处用作及物动词,意为“花费(时间)”,it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to find the happy man,译为汉语时,应把真正的主语译在前面。take常用于“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”结构中,意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
e.g.It took me half an hour to go to school by bike yesterday.
昨天我骑自行车去学校花了半个小时。
3.What made the poor man so happy even though he had no power, money or fame?
什么使那位穷人这么高兴,尽管他没有权利、金钱和声誉?
(1)even though意为“尽管,即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,相当于even if,多用于书面语中。
e.g.He went on working with his assistant even though both of them were tired.
尽管他们两个都累了,他和他的助手仍然继续工作。
(2)no此处作形容词来修饰名词,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰单数可数名词时,no相当于not a(n);修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时,no相当于not any。
e.g.There is no bridge here.
=There is not a bridge here.
这儿没有桥。
I have no brothers.
=I don’t have any brothers.
我没有兄弟。
4.How could he have missed scoring that goal?
他怎么没把球射进去呢?
本句中could have missed是由“情态动词(could)+现在完成时(have +p.p.)”构成的,
表示“过去本能够做某事却未做”,包含“责备”的意义。
e.g.How could he have been such a fool?
他怎么这么糊涂?
How could he have heard from you?
他怎么可能收到你的信?
“情态动词+have+done”是历年中高考的重点和难点之一,现将其用法总结归纳如下:
(1)“must + have + done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
e.g.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
(2)“can't + have + done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
e.g.Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
(3)“can + have + done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。
e.g.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
(4)“could + have + done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
e.g.He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
(5)“may + have + done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
e.g.—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
——乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
(6)“might + have + done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
e.g.He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
(7)“would + have + done”为虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
e.g.I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
(8) “should + have + done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。”
“shouldn't + have + done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
e.g.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
(9)“ought to + have + done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should + have + done”用法基本一样。
e.g.I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。
(10)“need + have + done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't + have + done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
e.g.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
5.He had left his whole team down.
他辜负了整个球队的期望。
let…down意为“使失望;辜负……的期望”,属“动词+副词”构成的短语,宾语是人称代词时,必须放在两词中间。同义词为disappoint。
e.g.The team felt that they had let the coach down.
队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。
He won’t let you down.
他不会让你失望的。
6.He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.
他真的很担心他的教练会开除他。
(1)might情态动词,意为“可能,也许”,是may的过去式,但不表示过去时态,只表示可能性比may小。
e.g.He said he might be late, but he was early.
他说他可能会迟到,但是他早到了。
(2)kick sb. off意为“开除某人”。
e.g.They must work hard, or the boss will kick them off the company.
他们必须努力工作,否则老板会把他们从公司开除的。
7.But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself.
但不管结果怎样,不要对自己要求太苛刻。
(1)whatever作连接代词,意为“无论什么,不管什么”,引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter what。
e.g.Whatever we said, he’d disagree.
无论我们说什么,他都不同意。
=No matter what we said, he’d disagree.
拓展:whatever作连接代词,还可引导名词性从句,如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
e.g.Whatever she did was right.
她做的一切都是对的。
You may do whatever you want to do.
无论你想做什么,你都可以做。
(2)be too hard on sb. 意为“对某人太苛刻;使某人极为难堪”。
e.g.It will be hard on her when the children leave.
孩子们离去时,她会很难受的。
I don’t want to be hard on them.
我不想太难为他们。
注意:no matter what只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
8.Besides, winning or losing is only half the game.
而且赢或者输只是比赛的一半。
besides副词,意为“而且;还有”,引出另一种情况,以作补充。可用于句首、句尾,也可用于句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
e.g.I don't want to go; besides, I’m too tired.
我不想去,而且我也太累了。
拓展:besides还可用作介词,意为“除……之外(还有)”,强调除了的部分也包括在内,是一种累加的关系。
e.g.The students went to the zoo besides my teacher.
除了我的老师,学生们也去了动物园。
辨析:besides,except,except for
(1)besides表示“除……之外(还有……)”,指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意。
e.g.Besides milk, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。
(2)except表示除……之外(没有……)”,着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物,表示一种排除关系,有“减除”之意。
e.g.We are all here except/but Tom.
除汤姆之外,我们都在这里了。(不包括Tom)
(3)except for表示“除……之外”,表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用和except的用法基本相同,但着重强调整句的内容,且习惯上用于every,all,any,nothing,who等词后。
e.g.He is a good man except for hot temper.
他是个好人,除了脾气暴躁。
9.The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart.
第二天,彼得没有心存恐惧,而是鼓起勇气去参加足球训练。
(1)the next day意为“第二天”,表示以过去某个时间为准绳的“下一天”,常与一般过去时连用。
e.g.The next day we went to a small village.
第二天我们去了一个小村庄。
(2)courage名词,意为“勇敢;勇气”。
e.g.I don’t think I have the courage to tell him the bad news.
我认为我没有勇气告诉他这个坏消息。
(3)rather than常用在两个平行结构中,连接名词、代词、动词、介词短语、形容词、副词或动词不定式短语(省to)等。
e.g.I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想要冷饮,不要咖啡。
Tom decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.
汤姆决定辞职,不去接受新的规定。
拓展:
①would rather…than…宁愿……也不……
e.g.I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV.
我宁愿看电影,也不看电视。
②prefer to do…rather than do…宁愿做……而不愿做……
e.g.I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。
10.What kind of advice did Peter’s father offer him?
彼得的爸爸给他提出了什么样的建议?
offer用作及物动词,有“(主动)拿给,给予”的意思,相当于give,后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,即offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.。
e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.
=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.
那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。
Many people willingly offer their blood.
很多人自愿献血。
No food was offered at the party.
聚会上没有提供食物。
拓展:
(1)offer作及物动词,还可意为“提出,表示”。
e.g.Johnson offered a new suggestion.
约翰逊提出了一项新建议。
(2)offer后接动词不定式,表示“主动提出做某事”。
e.g.He offered to drive us to the airport, but we preferred to walk there.
他主动提出开车送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走着去。
She offered to lend me her bike.
她主动提出将她的自行车借给我。