Unit 2 I think mooncakes are delicious!(II)

字号: 默认

一、知识概述

1.学习和掌握本单元出现的生单词、词组和句型。

2.学习和掌握宾语从句的用法。

3.复习和巩固感叹句的用法。

4.能听懂有关描述节日活动的对话,并学会运用所学内容谈论节日活动;能读懂介绍节日及相关内容的文章,并能写出简单介绍一些传统的节日的短文。

 

二、单元重难点解析

1.I think it’s fan to dress up as cartoon characters!

我认为装扮成卡通人物很好玩!

dress up意为“装扮,穿上盛装”,dress up as…意为“装扮成……;打扮成……”,as后面接表示角色、职业等的名词。

e.g.Children like dressing up.

孩子们喜欢打扮。

He often dresses up as a farmer.

他常装扮成一个农民。

注意:dress up in…… 意为“穿上……”,后接表示衣服或颜色的名词。

e.g.On Christmas Day we always dress up in red.

在圣诞节,我们总是穿着红颜色的衣服打扮起来。

2.What are the common things that people think of for Christmas?

就圣诞节而言人们想到的常见物品是什么?

(1)common为形容词,意为“普通的;共有的”。

e.g.These problems are common to all societies.

这些问题是所有社会的通病。

(2)think of意为“想起;认为;思考”。of为介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。

e.g.I can’t think of his name.

我想不起他的名字。

They’re thinking of buying a new car.

他们正在考虑买一辆新车。

注意:What…think of…意为“……认为……怎么样?”相当于How…like…?这是用来询问某人对某事(物)或某人看法的常用句型。

e.g.What do you think of soap operas?

=How do you like soap operas?

你认为肥皂剧怎么样?

3.But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas:the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.

但隐藏在这一切背后的是圣诞节的真谛:分享与给予我们周围的人爱与欢乐的重要性。

(1)lie用作不及物动词,意为“平躺,处于,存在”,其过去式为lay,过去分词为lain。

e.g.The girl lay on the sofa.

那个女孩躺在沙发上。

There is a wallet lying on the ground.

地上有一个钱包。

单词

词性

词义

过去式

过去分词

现在分词

lie

动词

躺;位于

lay

lain

lying

说谎

lied

lied

lying

lay

动词

放置;下蛋

laid

laid

laying

lie

名词

谎言

 

e.g.Please lie down for a rest.

请躺下休息一会儿。

Don’t lie to others.

不要对别人撒谎。

The hen doesn’t lay eggs now.

现在,这只母鸡不下蛋了。

The boy never tells a lie.

这个男孩从不说谎。

(2)the importance of意为“……的重要性”,of为介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。importance为不可数名词,意为“重要性”,其形容词形式为important(重要的)。

e.g.She doesn’t realize the importance of keeping healthy.

她没有意识到保持健康的重要性。

(3)share为动词,意为“分享;分担;共用”,常与with, between, among等词连用。

e.g.They share a small room between them.

他们两个合用一个小房间。

I shared my lunch with her.

我与她分享我的午饭。

I will share with you in the cost.

我会与你分担费用。

4.A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens.

《圣诞欢歌》是查尔斯·狄更斯写的著名短篇小说。

(1)famous形容词,意为“著名的,有名的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语。其同义词是well-known,反义词为unknown。

e.g.Thomas Edison is a famous scientist.

托马斯·爱迪生是一位著名的科学家。

拓展:

① be famous for… 因……而著名(出名)

e.g.China is famous for the Great Wall.

中国因长城而闻名。

② be famous as… 作为……而出名

e.g.Liu Huan is famous as a singer.

刘欢作为一名歌唱家而出名。

(2)written是write的过去分词,此处作后置定语,修饰名词novel。

e.g.He likes the novels written by Mo Yan.

他喜欢莫言写的小说。

拓展:英语中表示“被动关系”的有两种形式:一是过去分词作定语;二是被动语态,在句子中作谓语。

e.g.The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational. (作定语,表被动)

鲁迅写的小说很有教育意义。

The novels were written by Lu Xun. (作谓语,表被动)

这些小说是鲁迅写的。

5.He just cares about whether he can make more money and he hates Christmas.

他只关心能否挣到更多的钱。并且厌恶圣诞节。

hate为动词,意为“憎恨;讨厌;厌恶”,不能用于进行时,与love相对。常用结构有:

(1)hate sb./sth. 意为“讨厌某人/某物”。

e.g.She hates dogs.

她讨厌狗。

(2)hate to do sth.或hate doing sth. 意为“厌恶做某事”。

e.g.I enjoy cooking but hate doing the dishes.

我喜欢做饭,但是不喜欢洗餐具。

I like skating but I hate to skate today.

我喜欢滑冰,但今天我不想去滑冰。

6.One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner.

一个圣诞前夕,斯克鲁奇看到了他死去的生意伙伴雅各布·马利的鬼魂。

(1)dead形容词,意为“死的,失去生命的”,在句中可作定语或表语。

e.g.He was watching his dead cat when I came in.

当我进来时,他正在注视着他的死去的猫。

I’m afraid he is dead.

我恐怕他已经去世了。

(2)business名词,意为“生意;商业”。

e.g.He wants to go into business.

他想要去经商。

拓展:

① business是由形容词busy变词尾的y为i后加-ness构成的名词。部分形容词在词尾加-ness可构成名词。

ill(生病的)→illness(疾病)

happy(幸福的)→happiness(幸福)

good(好的)→goodness(好心;善良)

② businessman名词,意为“商人;生意人”。

e.g.My uncle used to be a businessman,but now he is a worker.

我的叔叔过去是个商人,但现在他是个工人。

③ on business意为“因公出差”。

e.g.His father has gone to Beijing on business.

他父亲因公去北京出差了。

7.Marley used to be just like Scrooge,so he was punished after he died.

马利过去曾经就像斯克鲁奇一样,所以在他死后受到了惩罚。

(1)punish及物动词,意为“处罚;惩罚”,句中was punished为一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。

e.g.The driver was punished for dangerous driving.

这名司机因危险驾驶而受到了惩罚。

拓展:punishment名词,意为“处罚,受罚”;punishable形容词,意为“可依法惩处的,应惩处的”。

(2)die为不及物动词,意为“死”,其过去式为died,现在分词为dying。

e.g.More than three hundred people died in the air crash.

在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。

She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying.

她病了,恐怕快要死了。

译:他的母亲去世5年了。

误:His mother died for five years.

正:His mother has been dead for five years.

拓展:

① die of意为“因……而死”,一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。

e.g.Her grandfather died of cancer in 1992.

她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。

② die from意为“因……而死”,一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。

e.g.The old man died from a car accident last year.

那位老人去年死于一场车祸。

8.He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him.

他告诫斯克鲁奇。如果他不想最终像他一样,就要改变他的癖性。

(1)warn为及物动词,意为“警告,告诫”,常用于以下结构中:

① warn sb.(not)to do sth. 意为“告诫某人(不要)做某事”。

e.g.She warned him to keep silence.

她告诫他保持沉默。

② warn sb. about sth. 意为“提醒某人注意某事”。

e.g.He warned us about the serious situation.

他提醒我们注意形势的严峻性。

③ warn sb. of/against(doing)sth.意为“告诫某人当心/提防某事”。

e.g.They warned me against swimming in this part of the river.

他们告诫我不要在这一带河里游泳。

(2)end up意为“结束,告终”。

e.g.If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.

你要是继续行窃,早晚得进监狱。

We didn’t like it at first, but we ended up cheering.

一开始我们并不喜欢它,可最后我们为之欢呼起来。

9.First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child.

首先,“圣诞节的过去之灵”带他回到他的童年时代,使斯克鲁奇回想起孩提时代的欢乐时光。(教材第14页)

(1)take sb. back to…意为“带某人回到……”。

e.g.I will take you back to London next week.

下周我将带你回伦敦。

(2)remind为及物动词,意为“提醒,使记起,使想起”,remind sb. of sb. /sth. 意为“使某人想起某人/某事”。

e.g.The pictures remind me of my school days.

这些照片使我想起了我的学生时代。

拓展:

① remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”。

e.g.His parents often remind him to study hard.

他的父母经常提醒他努力学习。

② remind + that从句

e.g.I remind her that she must go home before dark.

我提醒她必须在天黑之前回家。

  1. 10.He decides to change his life and promises to be a better person.

他决定改变他的生活,承诺做个更好的人。

(1)decide为及物动词,意为“决定,决心”,常用结构有:

decide sth. 决定某事

decide to do sth. 决定做某事

decide + that从句 决定……

e.g.I can’t decide anything at the moment.

此刻我不能作出任何决定。

He decided to learn medicine.

他决定学医。

I decided that I would tell you about it.

我决定要告诉你那件事。

拓展:decision为名词,意为“决定,决心”,make a decision意为“作决定,下决心”。因此,decide to do sth.(决定做某事)相当于make a decision to do sth.。

e.g.He made a decision to go abroad.

=He decided to go abroad.

他决定出国。

(2)change one’s life意为“改变某人的生活”。

e.g.If you try your best, you'll change your life.

如果你尽最大努力,你会改变自己的生活。

(3)promise动词,意为“允诺;答应”,常用于以下结构中:

① promise sb. sth. 意为“允诺某人某事”。

e.g.I promised her the book.

我答应给她这本书。

② promise to do sth. 意为“承诺/答应做某事”。

e.g.They promised to help us.

他们答应要帮助我们。

I promise not to be late again.

我保证不再迟到。

③ promise sb. to do sth. 意为“承诺/答应某人做某事”。

e.g.I promised you not to say that.

我答应你不说那件事。

④ promise + that从句

e.g.She promised that she would write to me.

她承诺她会给我写信。

拓展:promise用作可数名词,意为“承诺;诺言”。

e.g.Give me your promise that you’ll never be late again, please.

请答应我你决不再迟到了。

11.宾语从句

用一个句子充当宾语的叫宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。常见的宾语从句有以下三种。

(1)由that引导,由于that没有任何意义,也不充当任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文体中可以省略。这类宾语从句通常表达一种陈述意义。

e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.

Tom says (that) he must study hard.

She told me (that) she was a student.

① 如果由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个that则不能省略。

e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.

② 常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。

(2)由连接代词或连接副词who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引导,含有“谁、什么、哪个 、什么时候、 什么地方、怎样、为什么”等特殊疑问意义。

e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?

Can you tell me what they’re looking for?

I don’t know where she has gone.

I wonder how she can find us.

She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.

(3)由从属连词whether和if引导,含有“是否,能否,对否,有否”等一般疑问意义。

e.g.She asked me if I could help her.

Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.

Please tell me whether you can come or not.

在这类宾语从句中要注意两点:

① if引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别

if引导宾语从句时意为“是否”,从句中该用什么时态就应用什么时态。

if引导条件状语从句时意为“假如”,从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.

I don’t know if the letter is yours.

They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.

I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.

② if引导宾语从句时多数情况下可以与whether互换,但如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”这层意思时,通常用whether,并在后面的加上“or not”,即一般要选择whether构成whether…or not的结构。

e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

I want to know whether you can help me or not.

注意:

(1)宾语从句的语序问题

以上介绍了三种宾语从句,同学们一定要注意,在疑问词或if/whether引导的宾语从句中,一定要用陈述句语序。

e.g.She asked how old I was.

We don’t know where her office is.

My teacher wanted to know if I like English.

(2)宾语从句的时态问题

一般情况下宾语从句的时态必须和主句的时态保持一致:

当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句中的谓语动词不受时态限制。

e.g.She says that she is a student.

She says that she was a student two years ago.

She says that she will be a college student soon.

She says that she has been a college student for 3 years.

当主句的谓语动词是过去时时,宾语从句中只能用过去的某种时态。

e.g.He told me that he would leave soon.

He said that he was watching TV.

He didn’t tell me whether he had finished this homework.

但如果宾语从句中讲述的客观事实、一般真理或自然现象时,则不受它限制。

e.g.My teacher told us that Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.

Father said (that) the sun always rises in the east.