1．aid n. & vt. 帮助；援助；资助
e.g.with the aid of a friend 在朋友的帮助下
a hearing aid 助听器
teaching aids 教具
She came here to aid him with the injured leg.
[注意]AIDS 爱滋病
[课文原句]：First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
2．bleed vt. & vi. 流血（bled）
e.g.bleed to death 流血而死
those who bled for the revolution 为革命而献身的人们
Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.
从前医生常常给病人放血。
[课文原句]：Discuss what kind of first aid you should give in the following situations: bleeding
3．choke v.（使）噎住；（使）窒息
e.g.She choked (to death) on a fish bone.
鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（而死）。
The fumes almost choked me.
烟雾几乎把我呛死。
She was choking with emotion.
她激动得说不出话来。
Anger choked his words.
他气得说不出话来。
[课文原句]：Discuss what kind of first aid you should give in the following situations: choking
4．burn n. & v. 烧毁；烧伤
e.g.burn dead leaves, waste paper, rubbish, etc
焚烧枯叶、废纸、垃圾等
The house was burnt to the ground.
这所房子已焚为平地。
Sorry, I’ve burnt the toast.
对不起，我把面包片烤焦了。
His face was badly burnt by the hot sun.
他的脸被烈日晒伤了。
The soup is very hot. Don’t burn your mouth.
汤很热，别烫着你的嘴。
[课文原句]：Have you or someone you know ever been burned?
5．organ n. 器官
e.g.the organs of speech
发音器官
The eye is the organ of sight.
眼睛是视觉器官。
[课文原句]：The skin is an essential part of your body and your body’s largest organ.
6．treatment n. 治疗；处理；对待
e.g.undergoing medical treatment
接受治疗
a new treatment for cancer
癌症的新疗法
[课文原句]：First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
7．mild adj. 轻微的；温和的；温柔的
e.g.He is the mildest man you could wish to meet.
他是最温和的人了。
She’s a very mild-mannered person.
她是个很和善的人。
mild weather 温和的天气
a mild climate 温和的气候
mildly adv. 温和地；温柔地；和善地
e.g.She spoke mildly to us.
她很和蔼地向我们讲话。
[课文原句]：Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
8．authentic adj. 真实的；真正的；可信的
e.g.an authentic document, signature, painting
正式文件、亲笔签字、原作绘画
an authentic statement 可靠的陈述
[课文原句]：There are many different types of authentic texts, such as letters, postcards, newspaper and magazine articles, essays and instructions.
9．swell vi. & vt. (swelled, swollen)（使）膨胀；隆起
e.g.Wood often swells when wet.
木材潮湿后往往会膨胀。
My eyes swelled with tears.
我的眼睛里含着泪。
His face was swollen up with toothache.
他的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。
The wind swelled out the sails.
风把船帆刮得鼓起来了。
The sails swelled out in the wind.
船帆在风中鼓起。
swollen adj. 肿胀的
[课文原句]：…dry, red and mildly swollen…
10．squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨
e.g.squeeze toothpaste from the tube onto a toothbrush
把牙膏挤到牙刷上
a doll that squeaks when you squeeze it
一捏会叫的玩具娃娃
squeeze a lemon dry
把柠檬榨干
squeeze paste into a ball
把面团捏成球形
[课文原句]：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
11．pressure n. 压力；压；按；压迫
e.g.The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack.
水的压力使堤坝决口。
Your blood pressure is too high.
你的血压过高。
The pressure of city life forced him to move to the country.
城市生活的艰难迫使他迁往乡村。
[课文原句]：He showed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
12．damp adj. 潮湿的
e.g.damp clothes 潮湿的衣服
a damp surface 潮湿的表面
Don’t sleep between damp sheets.
睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥。
[课文原句]：She put her wrist under the cold water tap and then kept placing cool, clean, damp cloths on it until it was less painful.
1．first aid（对伤患者的）急救
e.g.You should know something about first aid.
[课文原句]：First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
2．fall ill 生病
e.g.She fell ill so she couldn’t come to school.
[课文原句]：First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
3．electric shock 触电；电休克
[课文原句]：Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
4．squeeze out 榨出；挤出
e.g.If you want to brush your teeth, first you should squeeze the toothpaste out of the tube.
[课文原句]：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
5．over and over again 反复；多次
e.g.I’ve warned you over and over again not to do that.
[课文原句]：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
6．in place 在适当的位置；适当 [反]out of place
e.g.I like to have everything in place.
The proposal is not quite in place.
[课文原句]：Hold the bandage in place with tape.
7．a number of 若干；许多
e.g.A number of people disagreed.
There are a number of people out this afternoon.
[课文原句]：He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.
8．put one’s hands on 找到
e.g.At last he put his hands on his pen.
[课文原句]：He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.
1．First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
[译文]急救是一个人突然病倒或受伤时，在找到医生之前给病人或受伤者首先进行救助。
first aid的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救
短语联想
give/ offer aid 援助
come to sb’s aid 帮助某人
cut off aid (突然)终止援助
a hearing aid 助听器
teaching aids 教具
medical aid 医疗救护
with the aid of 借助于
in aid of 为了帮助
fall ill的意思是“病倒”，其中fall为连系动词，又如：
He fell ill and had to enter the hospital.
他生病必须住院治疗。
fall asleep 睡着了
fall silent 静下来
get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。又如：
The computer got (was) damaged when we were moving.
我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。
My bike is getting (is being) repaired now.
我的自行车正在修理。
My glasses got broken while I was playing basket-ball.
我的眼镜在打篮球时给弄坏了。
Peter and Mary got married last year.
彼得和玛丽于去年结了婚。
2．You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.
[译文]你有三层皮肤来保护你免遭疾病、毒药和有害光线的侵害。
protect v. “保护、维护”，用于句式“protect+名词+against/ from+名词”。例如：
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他举起胳膊护住脸以免脸部被击中。
短语联想
keep…from… 不让/避免
stop…(from)… 阻止
prevent…(from)… 妨碍/防止
disable…from… 使……失去(能力/资格)
save…from… 挽救、拯救
3．Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skin are burnt.
[译文]根据皮肤的哪层组织被烧伤，烧伤被划分为一级(烧伤)、二级(烧伤)或三级(烧伤)。
depend on 取决于。例如：
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少取决于你住哪里。
词义拓展
depend on 依靠，依赖；信赖，信任：
His family depends on him.
他的一家人全靠他养活。
We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday.
我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。
4．For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
[译文]对于二级烧伤，要保持绷带有清凉。措施有：把他们再放到冷水上(浸泡)、拧干后盖在烧伤处，如此反复一小时左右，直到疼痛基本消失。
squeeze动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子
常用句式
squeeze+名词+out (of/ from)+名词，例如：
Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.
那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。
over and over again 再三地。例如：
I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
我再三告诫你不要那样做。
5．John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life or another.
[译文]在典礼上，约翰被授予奖品。该典礼是为了表彰挽救他人生命的十个人的英勇行为的。
present vt. 赠给。例如：
The mayor presented the prizes in person.
市长亲自颁奖。
动词present常用句式
(1)present+名词+with+名词，例如：
When she left the company, the director presented her with a set of golf clubs.
她离开这家公司时，董事赠送给她一套高尔夫球杆。
(2)present+名词+to+名词，例如：
He presented a silver cup to the winner.
他把银杯颁给了获胜者。
6．There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
[译文]毫无疑问，约翰敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技能救了斯赖德女士的命。
doubt名词，意思是“怀疑”、“疑惑”、“疑问”，例如：
I have no doubt at all who did it.
这事是谁干的，我心里有数。
用法点拨
doubt后接whether; no doubt后接that。例如：
There is some doubt whether John will come.
约翰是否会来很难说。
There is no doubt that the plan will succeed.
毫无疑问，这计划一定会实现。
1．为了使语言简洁，人们常常把某些词省掉(口语中尤其普遍)，这种现象称为省略(Ellipsis)，这种句子称为省略句(elliptical sentence)，被省略的部分可能是：
（1）主语，例如：
Haven’t seen you for ages.
好久不见了。
（2）谓语或谓语的一部分，例如：
(Is)Anything the matter?
有什么问题吗？
（3）宾语，例如：
A：Where is George? 乔治在哪里？
B：I don’t know (where he is). 我不知道。
（4）主语和谓语(的一部分)，只剩下表语、宾语、状语等，例如：
(You have got the) Wrong number.
电话号码错了。
（5）不定式、冠词等，例如：
He didn’t come though he promised to (come).
他答应来却没来。
A：Aren’t you the boss?
你不是老板吗？
B：No, I don’t want to be (the boss).
不是，我也不想当。
A：I haven’t finished the homework yet.
我的家庭作业还没有做完。
B：Well, you ought to have (finished the home-work).
不过，你应该完成了。
2．并列句中，如果后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，就常常被省略掉，以避免重复，例如：
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who (borrowed my pen).
有人借了我的钢笔，但我记不得是谁了。
有时，并列连词可以引起一个状语，也是因为省略所造成的，例如：
I won’t go, not until I have finished my work.
我不去，在工作没有完成前不去。
下面的句子形式上是并列句，但前面部分相当于一个条件从句：
Any major breakthrough and France would be finished.
(战线)如有任何重要突破，法国就完了。
3．在复合句中，省略是一个常见的语言现象。状语从句中，一些词(如主语和be动词)常可以省略，例如：
While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little.
他这样做时稍微颤抖了一下。
Unless (it is) changed, this bill is likely to be rejected.
除非经过修正，否则，这项法案很有可能被否决。
Though (he was) exhausted, he stayed up late.
尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。
She hurried out of the room, as if (she was) angry.
她匆匆走出屋子，好像很生气。
宾语从句和定语从句等其他一些复合句中，也可以省略一些词，例如：
I shall do all I can (do) to help you.
我将尽力帮助你。
I don’t think (that) he will (do that).
我想他不会。
