单元训练题
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总复习SBI Units 7—9

 

重点单词及词组:

1.include vt. 包括;包含

(1)include sth. /sb. (including为介词)

(2)including sb. /sth.=sb. /sth. included (included为形容词)

The price includes postage charges.

这个价钱包括邮资在内。(Postage charges are included.)

I included eggs on the list of things to buy.

我把鸡蛋列在要买的东西中了。

Your duties include typing letters and answering telephone.

你的职责是打信件和接电话。

You should include some examples in your essay.

你应该在文章里举一些例子。

I will give you ten books, including a story book.(=a story book included)

我要给你十本书,包括一本故事书。

We all went, me included.

我们都去了,包括我在内。(=including me)

(3)辨析include /contain

include vt. 主要义项有:包括;包含;使成为……的一部分,可以有被动语态。

contain侧重本身所包含的成分,作“含有”解,不可有被动语态。

The apple contains sugar and water.

苹果含有糖和水分。

The list contains all the books you referred to.

这个书目包含你所提及的所有书。

2.burn v. & n. (burnt /burned; burnt /burned)

(1)vi. & vt. 燃烧;烧掉

Cotton burns easily. 棉花易燃。(burns =catches fire)

(2)vt. & vi. 烧伤,烫伤;晒黑

Mary burned her hand while cooking.

妈妈在做饭时烫伤了手。

the sun-burnt skin 晒黑的皮肤

(3)发光;发烧

She burned with fever. 她发烧了。

(4)短语

①burn…to the ground /ashes 烧成灰烬

 burn down (vt. & vi.) 使烧毁;烧光

 burn off (vt.) 烧掉

②burn n.[C] 灼烧;烫伤,火伤;烙印

③burning (adj.) 燃烧着的;极为重要的

 burning cheeks 通红发烫的双颊

 a burning fever 发高烧

 burning questions 急待解决的问题

 burning hot 炎热

3.damage vt. & n. 损害;伤害 (作名词时,为不可数名词。)

(1)damage /destroy /ruin /harm

damage指造成破坏或损害,但不是毁灭性的。

destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。

ruin表示彻底的毁灭,与destroy相同,常用于短语:

harm一般指身心健康的损害、伤害。常用于harm sb. /sth.或do /cause harm to sb. /sth.

(2)damage 常用搭配

do /cause damage to 损害……

pay for the damage 赔偿损失

suffer damage 蒙受损害

damage sth. 损坏某物

4.breath n. 呼吸;气息

(1)breathe v.

①breathe in 吸气

②breathe out 呼气

③breathe (in) sth. 吸进某物

④breathe sth. out 呼出某物

(2)常见搭配

①out of breath (=breathlessly =breathe hard /heavily) 上气不接下气

②hold one’s breath 屏住气息

③take a deep breath (=breathe deeply) 深呼吸

④take breath 歇口气(=have a rest)

⑤be short of breath 呼吸困难

 I ran to the school out of breath.

 我上气不接下气地跑到学校。

 When he saw the bear coming towards him, he held his breath.

 当他看见熊朝他走过来时,他屏住了气息。

5.limit vt. 限制;限定;n. 界限;限度

常与介词to连用。

(1)limit…to… 把……限制在/到……程度

The teacher limited us to a discussion of this topic.

老师只让我们讨论这个话题。

(2)a /the limit to sth. /doing sth.

There is a limit to one’s life, but there is no limit to serving the people.

人的生命是有限的,但是为人民服务是无限的。

(3)limited adj. 有限的

   Time is limited. 时间有限。

(4)其它:set a limit /limits to sth. /doing sth. 对……加以限制

6.give in 让步;投降

(1)give in to sb. /sth. 向……屈服/投降

He would rather die than give in to the enemy.

他宁死也不向敌人屈服。

The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.

当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步的迹象。

(2)拓展:

give up sth. /doing sth. 放弃(做)某事

give away 赠送;泄露(秘密等)

give off 发出(气味等)

give out 放出(气体、液体等);分配;公布;发表

give sth. back 归还;送归

7.pull down 拆毁;推毁;推翻

拓展:

cut down 砍倒;削减(数量)opp. cut up 砍成碎片

break down 损坏;拆散

turn down 将(收音机、灯等)关小,调低;拒绝,不接受(某人、某物)

bring down 降低(温度、物价)

come down 塌下;(雨、雪等)落下;(也指温度)降低;流传下来

get down to sth. (doing sth.) 开始做某事;认真处理某事

put down 放下;记下;把某物储藏起来

take down 记下;拆除;将某物从高处取下

write down 写下

knock down 撞倒

8.set up /found /put up /build /open /run

(1)set up指“开办,建立”,常和表示组织、机关、团体等意义的名词连用,这时和found意义相同。如:

set up a school /hospital /shop /state /government 建立学校/医院/商店/州/政府

(2)found除表示建立组织、机关、团体之外,还指打基础,用基金建设。如:

found a city /party /university /theory 建设城市/建党/创办大学/创作理论

(3)put up着重指建造或搭起具有高度的具体的物质。在口语中set up和build也可用于此义。如:

put up a building /tent 建楼/搭起帐篷

(4)build指“建造;建设;建立”,是一般用语,常指建造大东西而言,其后可接具体的或抽象的名词。如:

build a road /house /ship 筑路/建房/造船

build up 逐渐建立,建设,增强

(5)open指“开放,开业”,常用来指商店、企业、铁路等公共设施对外开放,也可用start。

注:表建立商店、企业等时,也可以用start或open。如:

  start /open a factory /a shop /business

(6)run 指“经营,管理”

run a school /a factory 经营一个学校/工厂

9.well-known adj. 有名的;众所周知的(相当于famous)

拓展:

be well-known as… 作为……而闻名(身份)=be famous as

be well-known for… 以……而闻名(原因)=be famous for

be well-known to sb. 为某人所知

10.tie v. 与……打成平局;系;拴(tied; tying)

n. 平局;束缚;带子;领带

(1)tie…to… 把……拴到……上

I tied for second place in the examinations.

考试成绩我和别人同时名列第二。

You’d better tie the dog to the fence.

你最好把狗拴在篱笆上。

(2)拓展

attach…to… 把……固定在……;把……附在……上

fasten…to… 把……系/固定在……

relate…to… 把……联系起来,与……有关

join…to /and… 把……连接起来

link…to /with /and 把……连接起来;联系

11.further /farther

far有两种比较级(farther, further)和最高级(farthest, furthest)形式,既可作形容词也可作副词。

farther和farthest只能指距离上的远近,表具体含义。

further和furthest可指距离上的远近,也可指抽象或比喻意义,指“进一步地,深入地,最大程度地,最大限度地”等意思。

以下句子不可用farther。

After class we’ll further discuss the problem.

下课后我们将进一步讨论这个问题。

further information 更多信息,更进一步的资料

further education 进修

go a step further 更进一步

go further into a question 更进一步研究问题

make further progress 继续取得进步

We went farther /further into the forest.

我们向森林深入走去。

Have you any further questions to ask?

你还有没有问题要问?

10.weigh vi. 重(若干)vt.称(……重量)

weight n. 重力;重量

主要用法:

(1)put on /gain weight 增加体重

(2)lose weight 减肥

(3)be of a weight 跟……一样重

(4)sell sth. by weight 按重量卖某物

I weigh less than I used to. 我体重比以前轻。

I’d like to have myself weighed. 我想称一下体重。

I weigh 54 kg now. 我现在体重为54公斤。(不可用被动语态)

(5)by weight指“按重量,以斤计”,不用冠词the。

Bananas are sold by weight. 香蕉是按斤卖的。

by后接表计量单位的名词时,通常加the。如:by the hour /the piece /yard /the day /the dozen,表示“按小时/件/码/天/打”来计算。

The workers are paid by the hour.

工人们按小时得到报酬。

They sell eggs by the dozen. 她们按打卖鸡蛋。

如指“以计量单位测量”,介词用in。如:

The energy is measured in calories.

能量以卡来计算。

(6)weight如指“称某人/物”时为一及物动词,可以有被动语态。

The parcel should be weighed first.

包裹先应该称一下。

但如果指“某人/物称起来为多少”时,则不可用被动语态。

My daughter weighs 31 kg.

我女儿体重为31公斤。

13.effect n. 影响,效果,作用

思维拓展:

have an effect on /upon 对……有影响=have influence on /upon

have no /little /some /much effect on /upon =have no /little /some /much influence on /upon

无效/几乎无效,有些/很大影响

take effect 生效,奏效

come into effect 生效,实行,实施

in effect 实际上=in fact =in reality

affect vt. 影响=influence

吸烟对你的身体有害。

The medicine will take effect soon.

药会马上见效的。

14.because of 因为,由于

  注意:以上词组均为介词,接名词或动名词。

(2)because /for the reason that 后接从句。

15.would rather 宁愿;宁可

(1)would rather do sth. than do sth. else=would do sth. rather than do sth.

宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

(2)would rather not do sth.

(3)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. else 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

(4)prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. else 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

(5)prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. =would do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿(做)某事而不愿(做)某事

(6)主+would rather +主

I would rather go to school on foot. 我宁可步行去上学。

I would rather go to school than stay at home.

=I would go to school rather than stay at home.

我宁愿上学也不愿呆在家里。

I would rather not stay at home.

我宁愿不呆在家里。

I’d rather you posted the letter for me right away.

我宁肯你马上给我邮寄这封信。(与现在相反)

I’d rather you had been here yesterday.

我宁愿你昨天在这里。(与过去相反)

16.take part 参加

可单独使用,也可以与介词in连用。(take part in sth. /doing sth.)

辨析:take part in /join /join in /attend

(1)take part in后接某项活动,强调参与性及在活动中的作用。表示“积极参加”时,与不定冠词连用,即take an active part in。

(2)join in常可替代take part in,表示参加某项活动,尤指娱乐性的活动。join in还可作不及物动词词组,表示“参加”,in为副词。

(3)join指“参加(某个组织、团体)”并成为其中一员,常用在短语join the Party /the League /the army /the club(入党/入团/参军/加入俱乐部)短语中。在短语中也可接sb.作其宾语,表示“与某人一起(做某事)”。

(4)join sb. in sth. 指“与某人一起做某事”。

(5)attend指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上学、上课、听报告、听演讲、听音乐会等。常用于:attend the meeting /the party /school /class等短语中。

Many students took part in / joined in the game.

许多学生参加游戏。

Will you join us in playing basketball?

你跟我们一起打篮球好吗?

The activity is not meaningful, only a few students took part /joined in.(不可用take part in)

这个活动没有意思,只有少数学生参加。

Did you attend the meeting yesterday?

你出席了昨天的会议了吗?

17.agreement n. 一致;协定

  disagreement n. 不一致;分歧

  disagree v. 不同意;不一致

主要用法:

(1)be in agreement on /upon /about sth. 在(某一点上)……意见一致

(2)be (quite) in agreement with sb. /sth. (十分)同意(某人所说的话);[语法]相一致;呼应

(3)come to /arrive at /reach /make an agreement with sb. 与某人达成协议

(4)sign an agreement 签订协议(和约)

拓展:

(1)agree on /upon 对……达成协议;对……取得一致意见(主语为复数)

(2)disagree /agree to sth. (plan, idea, arrangement, etc.) 不同意/同意某事

(3)disagree /agree with(不)同意(某人/某人所说的话);与……(不)一致;对……(不)适合(适应)(特别是食物、天气等)

18.depend vt. 依靠;依赖

(1)与介词on /upon连用。

depend on/upon 依靠;由……而定,取决于;从属于;依赖其维护

depend on sb. /sth.

I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses.

我没有汽车,只能靠公共汽车。

You may depend upon it. [口]肯定无疑;放心好了。

(2)depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠/信赖某人做某事

(3)That depends. /It (all) depends. [口]要看情况而定。

(4)depending on sth. /doing 常在句中作独立成分。

We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.

我们可能还需要食物,不过这要看到场的人数。

You can depend on her to be late.

她保准迟到。

-Is he coming?他来吗?

That depends. He may not have the time.

那要看情况了。他不一定有时间。

(5)depend on /upon it.请相信,没问题(用于句首或句尾)

Depend on it(=you can be sure), we won’t give up.

请相信,我们决不会放弃。

This will ruin your health, depend upon it.

这肯定会把你的身体搞坏。

You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.

请放心,所有的货物都会准时交付。

19.add vt. 增加;添加;补充说vi.加;加起来;增添

主要用法:

(1)add…to… 把……加到……去

(2)add up 把……加起来(指过程)

(3)add up to(come to /total /amount to) 总计为,总数达

(4)add to 增加;增添(常指抽象含义)

(5)added that 接着/补充说

Please add some sugar to your coffee.

请在咖啡里加点糖。

Every time he added up these figures, he got a different answer.

每次他把这些数字加起来,他都会得到一个不同的答案。

These figures added up to 5050.

这些数字加起来等于5050。

Fireworks add to the happiness of the Spring Festival.

烟花爆竹增添了春节的喜庆。

The teacher added that she was clever in fact.

老师补充说她实际上很聪明。

20.remind

主要用法:

remind sb. of sth./sb. 提醒某人想起某事(人)

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人要做某事

remind sb. that –clause 提醒某人……

例如:

The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.

这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。

He reminded me of his father.

他使我想起他父亲。

Remind me to write to Mother.

请提醒我给母亲写信。

She reminded me that I hadn’t written to Mother.

她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。

21.defeat vt. & n.

(1)击败;战胜;败北

They were defeated in the football match.

他们在足球赛中输了。

The football team suffered a defeat.

该足球队被击败了。

拓展:表示“战胜/打败对方”,也可用beat /win。

①A defeat /beat BA击败B

 =B be defeated /beaten by A

②sb. win sth.

例如:

I defeated /beat my elder brother in playing chess.

我下棋赢了哥哥。

The problem beat most of the students in the class.

这个问题使班里大部分同学困惑。

They went on struggling, and at last they won.

他们不断斗争,最后赢了。

但win后面不可接sb.或击败的对象,只可接比赛或赢得奖品。

(3)defeat用作及物动词时还有“使……落空,挫败(计划等)”,如:

Our hopes were defeated.

我们的希望落空了。

22.call for 要求;需要

主要用法:

(1)call for sth. 需要;要求

The situation calls for prompt action.

目前的形势需要立即采取行动。

They called for the immediate release of hostages.

他们要求立即释放人质。

The opposition have called for him to resign.

反对派已要求他辞职。

(2)call for sb. 去接某人;邀约某人

I’ll call for you at seven o’clock.

七点钟我来接你。

拓展:call at /call in /call off /call on

(1)call at(火车等)停靠;(短时间)停留;拜访(某地)

This train calls at almost every station.

这列火车几乎每个站都停。

He will call at your office tomorrow.

他明天会去办公室拜访你的。

(2)call in 收回;叫来;请来;来访;打电话来

Call in a doctor at once.

马上把医生请来。

Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.

有严重缺陷的汽车已被制造商召回。

Call in this evening if you can.

如果可能今晚请来一趟。

Several people have called in sick today.

今天有几个人打电话请病假。

(3)call off 取消;停止进行

They have called off their engagement.

他们已经解除婚约。

He phoned me and called the appointment off.

他给我打电话取消了这次约会。

(4)call on sb.拜访;看望(某人)

Call on them this evening if you can.

如果可能今晚你去看看他们。

I have formed the habit of calling on him in the evening.

我每天晚上都到他那儿去,这已养成了习惯。

补充:

call on /upon sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事;号召某人做某事

I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.

现在请主席向大会致辞。

23.in case 万一,以防

主要用法:

(1)引导状语从句

In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.

如果我回来之前他来了的话,请让他等我一下。

(2)in case也可单独使用,用作状语,意为“以免,以防”。

I’ll take some of these unused in case.

这些不用的东西我要留一些,以防万一。

(3)in case of是短语介词,意为“万一发生……”;in no case决不(置于句首,句子用倒装);

in any case无论如何,不管怎样in this /that case如果这样/那样的话

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.

如遇火险,即按警铃。

Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.

手里有手机,我们会感到安全,因为遇到紧急情况,我们可以随时求救。。

He might not come this evening. In that case we won’t hold the party.

他今晚可能来不了。如果是那样的话,我们就不开晚会了。

In any case you mustn’t tell a lie.

无论什么情况,你都不应该撒谎。

There’s no point complaining now—we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.

现在抱怨毫无意义,反正明天我们就要离开了。

In no case will China be the first to use unclear weapons.

任何情况下,中国绝不首先使用核武器。

24.take over 接管,接替;把……从一地带到另一地

Was it in 1948 that the government took over the railways in Great Britain?

英国政府是在1948年接管的铁路吗?

He took me over to the island in his small boat.

他用小船把我带到了那个小岛。

用法拓展:

(1)take sb. /sth. away 拿去,使离开

(2)take a seat 坐下

(3)take (an) interest in 对……有兴趣

(4)take…as… 把……看作/认为……

(5)take back 收回(诺言,话语等)

(6)take for(错)当作,以为是

(7)take it easy 不要紧张;慢慢来

(8)take notes 做记录,做笔记

(9)take off 脱下;起飞

(10)take place 发生,举行

(11)take down 写下,记下

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