知识要点：
1．intention n.[C & U] 意图；打算；计划；目的
I’ve got no intention of staying indoors on a nice sunny day like this.
天气这么好，阳光灿烂，我可不想呆在屋里。
He went mad and had to be put into a mental hospital.
他疯了，得关进精神病院。
Stop that noise, it’s driving me mad!
别喧闹了，那噪音简直要把我逼疯了。
They ran like mad to catching the moving bus.
他们拼命地跑去追赶那辆正在开动的公共汽车。
The director got mad at me because I forgot my lines.
导演很生我的气，因为我忘了台词。
3．pattern n.[C] 图案；花样；（事物发生、发展或安排的）方式/模式；式样，模型
Our new china has a flower pattern on it.
我们的新瓷器有花朵图案。
The second half of the match followed a similar pattern to the first.
比赛的下半场同上半场的情形相似。
a paper pattern 纸样
4．call up 召唤；使人想起；调动（力量，人员等）；提出（议案等）；（给……）打电话
The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这欢声笑语使他回忆起童年时代的情形。
All the men between the ages of 18 and 25 were called up.
年龄介乎18至25岁之间的男孩被征召入伍。
cf：call in 延请，请进（专家、医生来帮忙）
call for 要求，需要；去接某人
call on sb. 拜访某人
call at sp. 拜访某地
call on sb. to do sth.号召某人做某事
be absent from the meeting 缺席会议
be present at the meeting 参加会议
6．recommend vt. ①推荐；介绍 ②建议，劝告（suggest, advise）
(3)recommendation是recommend的名词，它的同位语从句中也用虚拟语气。
He recommended that the prisoners(should) be released.
他建议释放俘虏。
He should listen to the doctor’s recommendation that he (should) stay in bed.
他应该听医生的建议，呆在床上。
I recommend going there by subway.
我建议(你)坐地铁去。
Would you recommend a good dictionary to me?
=Would you recommend me a good dictionary?
你能推荐一本好字典给我吗？
The teacher recommended us to read the novel.
老师劝我们读那部小说。
contribute ideas (money, an article )出主意（捐款，投稿）
She has contributed several poems to literary magazines.
她给文学刊物投了几首诗稿。
He didn’t contribute anything to the conversation.
大家谈话时他没有发表任何意见。
We contributed ￡5 each towards a retirement present for her.
我们每人5英镑，凑钱给她买了一份退休礼物。
He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.
他主动提出向红十字会捐款。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
适度的运动有益健康。
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs.
建设高速公路将有助于郊区的发展。
He reviewed his decision in the light of recent developments.
他根据最新的事态发展重新考虑自己的决定。
The new facts threw some light on the matter.
那些新事实使得这个问题更明朗化些。
His past was brought to light.
他的过去被揭发了。
The two buildings are 15 metres apart.
这两幢大楼相距15米。
The employers and the unions are still miles apart, and far from agreement.
雇主与工会之间仍有很大距离，远不能取得一致意见。
He took the whole bicycle apart.
他将整辆自行车全部拆开了。
It’s very difficult to tell the twins apart.
很难辨别那对孪生儿。
There’s nobody here apart from me.
这里除了我之外，没有别人。
Apart from their house in the country they’ve got a flat in London.
他们除了在郊外有房子，在伦敦还有一套公寓。
10．作状语的过去分词
过去分词短语常可用作状语，修饰谓语。其主要作用是：
（1）说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Guided by an old hunter, they went through the forest in only four days.
（2）表示原因状语，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句。
Greatly encouraged (=As he was greatly encouraged)by the teacher’s words, the boy started doing his experiment again.
（3）说明动作发生的时间，相当于一个表示时间的状语从句。
Seen (When it is seen) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.
（4）表示一个假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Compared with you (=If we are compared with you), we still have a long way to go.
11．过去分词作宾语补语的用法
过去分词作宾语补语的基本用法：过去分词作宾语补语时，宾语与过去分词为被动关系，表示被动意义和完成意义。
（1）使役动词keep, have, leave, get, make的宾语后面经常带过去分词作宾语补语，但是含义不完全相同。比如：keep, leave, get, make后面的宾语跟过去分词作补语，表示使宾语处于某种状态；have后面跟过去分词作宾语补语，表示让别人来做某事或句子主语遭遇了某种情况。
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by the audience.
他提高了声音，为了能让观众听到。
I must have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我得请人给我理发了。
Mary got the car washed.
玛丽请人给她洗了车。
We mustn’t leave the work unfinished.
我们不能让工作半途而废。
（2）表示感觉和心理状态的词，比如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, look at, listen to这些动词所带的宾语后面都可以接过去分词作宾语补语。（及物动词作宾语补语通常表示被动和完成，不及物动词一般只表示完成。这一点与使役动词相同）
I saw a girl knocked down by a truck.
我看见一个女孩被一辆卡车撞倒。
I once heard the song sung in German.
我曾经听过有人用德语唱过这首歌。
When I came in, I found the glass broken.
当我进来的时候，我发现玻璃杯被打碎了。
She felt her shoulder touched.
她觉得肩膀被人碰了一下。
The old woman was watched hit by a yellow car.
那位老妇人被一辆黄色轿车撞了。
（3）在动词want, wish, like, expect后面以及介词with后面作宾语补足语。
I don’t want my daughter taken out after dark.
我不希望我女儿天晚了还让人带走。
We wished the problem settled at once!
我们希望问题马上解决。
He was thinking for a while with his eyes shut.
他闭着眼睛思考了片刻。
The band consists of a singer, two guitarists and a drummer.
The band is made up of a singer, two guitarists and a drummer.
这乐队由一位歌手、两位吉他手及一位鼓手组成。
注意：consist of不能用被动语态。
Her job consists in welcoming the guests as they arrived.
她的工作主要是接待来宾。
13．表“利用”意义的短语
He made full use of his spare time to learn French.
他充分利用闲暇时间学法文。
You should try to make the most of your opportunities.
你应该充分把握机会。
We took advantage of the fine weather to go on a hike.
我们利用晴朗的天气去远足。
I hope that full advantage is taken of this library.
我希望这座图书馆能被充分利用。
14．general adj. 普通的；一般的；大概的
I don’t give interviews as a general rule (=usually), but in this case I’ll make an exception.
The weather in summer influences the rice crops.
夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成。
Environment is a great influence on character.
环境对性格有很大影响。
He has no influence over his children.
他对子女没有影响力。
16．judge n.[C] 法官，裁判；v. 判断；审判
He acted as a judge at the race.（裁判）
You can’t judge a man by his appearance.（判断）
Who will judge this case?（审判）
employ oneself in 从事于；忙于
She was busily employed in preparing dinner.
她忙于做晚饭。
18．approach vt. 走近，靠近 n.[U] 接近 [C]途径，方式，方法
at the approach of 随着……的临近
We approached the school. 我们走近学校。
We heard the approach of the train.
我们听见火车开过来了。
The enemy ran away at our approach.
在我们接近时，敌人跑了。
The approach to the house was a narrow path.
通往这房子的路是一条狭窄的小径。
19．be made up of /make up /make out
(1)Society is made up of people of widely differing ability.
Society consists of people of widely differing ability. （社会由能力迥异的人组成。）
(2)make out 了解（明白）某人（物）（=understand sb. /sth.）；看出/听出/辨认出某物
Can you make this form out?
你是否看得懂这表格？
I could just make out her signature.
我只能勉强辨认出她的鉴名。
The film is based on a true story.
这部电影是根据真人真事改编的。
I’m based in New York, although my job involves a great deal of travel.
虽然我的工作常常需要出外，但我的大本营在纽约。
We made our decision on the basis of the reports which you sent us.
我们的决定是根据你提交的报告作出的。
According to the weather forecast it will be sunny tomorrow.
天气预报说明天晴天。
No one can forecast what the outcome of the election would be.
没有人能预测选举结果。
22．trend n. 倾向；趋势；时尚；（海岸、河流等的）走向
set a /the trend 创造新潮流
The current trend is towards smaller families.
小家庭是目前的趋势。
He always followed the latest trends in fashion.
他一向追随最新的服装潮流。
23．contemporary adj. 同时期；同时代（belonging to the same time as sb. /sth. else）；当代的（of the present time; modern）；n.[C]同时期的人
Samuel Pepy’s diary gives us a contemporary account of the Great Fire of London in 1666.
塞缪尔·佩皮斯的日记记述了1666年的伦敦大火。
contemporary music (art)当代音乐（艺术）
The receptionist indicated where I should sign.
接待员指示我在什么地方签名。
If a horse has its ears forward, that indicates that it is happy.
马的耳朵向前表示它心情好。
The spokesman indicated that an agreement was likely soon.
发言人表示协议将快达成。（简要陈述）
25．ensure (US insure)(=make sure; guarantee)确保；保证；担保；(=make sb. certain to get sth.；assure)使（某人）一定得到（某事物）；保证得到
Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night.
夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。
These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.
服下这些药丸可保你睡一宿好觉。
26．purchase n. [U]购买；[C]购置物
vt. 购买；购置（=buy）
He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books.
他给了独生子一些钱去购买教科书。
make a purchase 买东西
27．deal with 对付；处理；涉及，论及；跟……做生意
It was a difficult situation, but she dealt with it effectively.
当时的局面很艰难，她都顺利地应付过去了。
The book deals with the troubles in Ireland.
这本书讨论爱尔兰的各种纠纷。
I’ve dealt with this company for 20 years.
我跟这家公司做生意有20年。
28．cure n.[C]药物；治疗方法；治愈
vt. 治愈；使（某人）恢复健康
cure sb. of sth. 使（某人）恢复健康
The treatment cured him of cancer. 这种疗法把他的癌症治好了。
注意：“v.＋n.＋of＋sth.”的词组
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
29．in store 贮藏着；准备着；就要来到
There is a surprise in store for you when you get home!
回到家将会有令你惊喜的事！
My furniture’s in store while I’m abroad.
我在国外期间，我的家具存放起来了。
There’s a stock in store for him.
他会遇到一件使他震惊的事。
30．absurd adj. 不合理的；荒谬的；可笑的；愚蠢的
You look absurd in that hat.
你戴那顶帽子样子很怪。
Don’t be absurd! I can’t possibly do all this work in one day.
别说傻话啦！我不可能在一天之内完成所有工作。
requirement的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”或直接接动词原形。
32．名词性从句的用法
名词性从句包括：主语从句（Subject Clause）、宾语从句（Object Clause）、表语从句（Predicative Clause）、同位语从句（Appositive Clause），它们在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句 |
作用 |
关系词 |
主语从句 |
在复合句中作主句的主语 |
连词：that, whether
代词：who, what, which
副词：when, where, how, why等
|
表语从句 |
在复合句中作主句的表语 |
连词：that, whether, as if
代词：who, what, which
副词：when, where, how, why
|
宾语从句 |
在复合句中作主句的宾语 |
连词：that, whether, if
代词：who, what, which
副词：when, where, how, why等
|
同位语从句 |
一般跟在某些名词（fact, idea, promise, news等）后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词 |
连词：that
连接副词：how, when, where等
|
33．名词性从句的考查热点
主语从句的常考点
（1）what和that的选用
that和what都能够引导名词性从句，但是在名词性从句中，that只起连接作用，无词义，不充当句子成分；而what在名词性从句中既起连接作用，又充当主语、宾语和表语，意思是“所有……的东西（事情）”。
（2）whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。
if和whether都可以引导名词性从句，表示“是否”的意思，有时可以互换。如：
I’m not sure whether (if)I have time.
我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
在以下几种场合都必须用whether，不用if。
①引导主语从句时。
②不定式前。
③介词后。
④discuss或decide等动词后，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用if引导宾语从句。
表语从句常考点
（1）对引导词（连词）的正确选择。表语从句可由that, what, who(whom), when, where, how, why, whether等连词引导。
The question is whether we can catch the early bus.
问题是我们是否能赶上早班车。
（2）几个须用虚拟语气作宾语的动词（如：suggest, advise, order等）的名词的表语从句中也常用（should）do形式。
My suggestion (advice) is that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.
我的建议是立即送他去住院。
